National Mathematics Day 2021 (Birth Anniversary of Legendary Indian Mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan)

 

National Mathematics Day

National Mathematics Day 2021

It is observed on 22 December every year to mark the birth anniversary of legendary Indian Mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan. The day recognises and celebrates his works. On this day, the genius mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan was born in 1887 to a Tamil Brahmin Iyengar family at Erode, Tamil Nadu. 

Since ancient times various scholars had made significant contributions to mathematics including Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Mahavira, Bhaskara II, Srinivasa Ramanujan, etc. At a very young age, Srinivasa Ramanujan showed the signs of an unfolding genius, and his contributions regarding fractions, infinite series, number theory, mathematical analysis, etc. set an example in mathematics.

National Mathematics Day: History

In 2012, the former Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh, paid tribute to Srinivasa Ramanujan at a function organised on the occasion of the birth anniversary of the great mathematician Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanujan in Chennai. 22 December was declared as National Mathematics Day. Thus, on 22 December 2012, National Mathematics Day was celebrated across the country for the first time.

National Mathematics Day: Significance

The main objective behind the celebration is to raise awareness among people about the importance of mathematics for the development of humanity. We can't ignore that several initiatives are taken to motivate, enthuse, and inculcate a positive attitude towards learning mathematics among the younger generation of the country. On this day, training is also provided to the mathematics teachers and students through camps and highlights the development, production, and dissemination of teaching-learning materials (TLM) for Mathematics and research in related areas.

How is National Mathematics Day celebrated?

National Mathematics Day is celebrated in various schools, colleges, universities, and educational institutions in India. Even the International Society UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) and India had agreed to work together to spread mathematics learning and understanding. Along with this, various steps were taken to educate the students in mathematics and spread knowledge to the students and learners all over the world.

NASI (The National Academy of Science India) is the oldest science academy situated in Allahabad. To celebrate National Mathematics Day, NASI conducts a workshop in applications of Mathematics and Ramanujan. The workshop is attended by popular lecturers and experts in the field of mathematics from across the nation. Speakers at the country and world level discuss Srinivasa Ramanujan's contribution to mathematics.

The two days workshop on the topic 'History of Indian Maths before 16th Century' was organised during 30-31 December, 2019 at the NASI headquarters at Prayagraj.

 Discussion in the workshop covered the below-mentioned topics:

- Indian Contribution during Vedic Period

- Indian Contribution during Classical period

- Indian Contribution during the medieval period.

All the states of India celebrate National Mathematics Day in different ways. Various competitions and mathematical quizzes are conducted at schools, colleges, and universities. Mathematics talent and students from all over India participate in these programs and workshops.

About Srinivasa Ramanujan and his contributions in Mathematics

Srinivasa Ramanujan was born on 22 December 1887, Erode, India, and died on 26 April 1920 at Kumbakonam. His family was of the Brahmin caste and lived in poverty. At the age of 12, he had gained knowledge in Trignometry and without anyone's help, he had developed his own theorems and ideas. Do you know that at the age of 15 only he obtained a copy of George Shoobridge Carr's Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics ?

He had spent his childhood days in great difficulty in poverty. He used to borrow books and read books from friends in school. When he was young, he took up the job of a clerk to meet the economic needs of the house, and when he gets time he used to solve mathematics questions and worked on various types of theorems. Once, an Englishman saw those pages, he was impressed and took a personal interest. He sends Srinivasa Ramanujan to Hardy, the Professor of Oxford University. He then recognized the talent hidden in him and thereafter he got fame worldwide.

His papers were published in the Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society in 1911. He had compiled about 3900 results mainly identities and equations that too on his own without anyone's assistance. Several results out of them are original and novel like the Ramanujan prime, The Ramanujan theta function, partition formulae, and mock theta functions. These results further inspired several other research and opened new fields of work. He discovered his theory of divergent series, worked out the Riemann series, the elliptic integrals, hypergeometric series, and the functional equations of the zeta function. Let us tell you that the number 1729 is known as the Hardy-Ramanujan number.

So now we come to know that National Mathematics Day is celebrated on 22 December every year to spread awareness about the importance of mathematics and the contributions made by the scholar of mathematics Srinivasa Ramanujan. The government of India decided in 2012 to celebrate National Mathematics Day on 22 December on the birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan. Since then it was celebrated on 22 December every year.

Online Reading Resources Here are websites that offer reading games, digital libraries, and high interest articles for engaging reading!

 

Biographies of Indian Scientists

 

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangthan Foundation Day 2021

                                 केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन

केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangthan ,KVS भारतीय सरकार के मानव संसाधन विकास मंत्रालय (MHRD) के अंतर्गत आने वाली एक स्वायत्तशासी संगठन हैं। जिसकी स्थापना भारतीय शिक्षा प्रणाली को प्रभावशाली बनाने एवं शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में व्यापकता लाने के लिए किया गया था।

इस संगठन के निर्माण का सबसे बड़ा उद्देश्य स्थानांतरित पदों में कार्यरत कर्मचारियों के बच्चों को समान स्तर एवं समान पाठ्यक्रम की शिक्षा देने हेतु किया गया था। इस प्रकार की शिक्षा हेतु सर्वप्रथम “रेजीमेंट स्कूलों” की स्थापना की गई। 1963 में इन स्कूलों की संख्या लगभग 20 थी।

इसके संगठन की संरचना एव उद्देश्य भी नवोदय विद्यालय समिति NVS की भांति ही हैं। 1965 में केंद्रीय सरकार ने ऐसे कर्मचारियों के बच्चो को शिक्षा प्रदान करने हेतु ऐसे कई विद्यालयों की स्थापना करना शुरू किया जिनका संबंध सीधें केंद्र से था। भारतीय सरकार ने सर्वप्रथम 20 रेजीमेंट स्कूलों को शिक्षा विभाग के अंतर्गत सम्मिलित किया। इन्हें ही केंद्रीय विद्यालयों का दर्जा दिया गया। इनका पाठ्यक्रम केंद्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड़ CBSE के अंतर्गत स्थापित किया गया। तत्पश्चात ऐसे स्कूलों को पूर्णता प्रदान करने हेतु केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन (Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangthan , KVS का गठन किया।

• केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन की संरचना |
•  Structure of Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangthan, KVS

केंद्र ने इस संगठन के क्षेत्र को तीन वर्गों में विभाजित किया- केंद्रीय स्तर,क्षेत्रीय स्तर और स्थानीय स्तर। इन सभी स्तरों के अंतर्गत विभिन्न समितियों एवं निकायों की भी स्थापना की गई जो इस प्रकार हैं –

1) केंद्रीय स्तर – केंद्रीय से के अंतर्गत दो निकायों की व्यवस्था की गई हैं- सामान्य निकाय और प्रशासनिक निकाय।

◆ सामान्य निकाय – सामान्य निकाय के अंतर्गत उच्च अधिकारी आते हैं। इसके चेयरमैन मानव संसाधन विकास मंत्रालय के मंत्री होता हैं और उसके राज्यमंत्री डिप्टी चेयरमैन पद पर आसीन होते हैं। इनके सदस्यों में अनेको क्षेत्र के मंत्री भी सम्मिलित होते हैं।

◆ प्रशासनिक निकाय – इसके अंतर्गत 11 सदस्य आते हैं। जिसमें 1 कमिश्नर , 5 उप-कमिश्नर , 2 जॉइंट कमिश्नर एवं 3 अन्य सदस्य होते हैं। इसके अंतर्गत तीन समितिया कार्य करती हैं – वित्त समिति,निर्माण समिति और सलाहकार समिति।

2) क्षेत्रीय स्तर – क्षेत्रीय स्तर पर उच्च अधिकारी तीन शैक्षिक अधिकारी एवं अन्य कर्मचारी कार्य करते हैं। क्षेत्रीय स्तर पर गठित होने वाली CBSE की परीक्षाओं का सफल निर्माण एवं क्रियान्वयन का उत्तरदायित्व इन अधिकारियों पर ही होता हैं।

3) स्थानीय स्तर – स्थानीय स्तर के शिक्षा की व्यवस्था हेतु केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन (KVS) द्वारा विद्यालय प्रबंधन समिति का निर्माण किया जाता हैं। जिसमे मुख्या के तौर पर जिलाधिकारी भूमिका निभाता है।

केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन के उद्देश्य | 

Aims of Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangthan

1) स्थानांतरित पदों पर कार्यरत कर्मचारियों के बच्चो को समान शिक्षा समान पाठ्यक्रम के साथ प्रदान करना।

2) विद्यालयों में आधुनिक तकनीकों एवं आवश्यकताओं के अनुरूप शिक्षा प्रदान करना।

3) केंद्रीय विद्यालयों का विकास करना उसमें गुणवत्तापूर्ण तत्वों का समावेश करना।

4) सभी छात्रों को शिक्षा के समान अवसर उपलब्ध कराना।

केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन के कार्य | Functions of Kendriya Vidyalaya sangthan

केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन केंद्रीय विद्यालयों के नीति-निर्माण एवं कार्यो के उत्तम क्रियान्वयन हेतु निरंतर प्रयासरत रहता हैं। यह केंद्रीय विद्यालयों को उनकी आवश्यकतानुसार अनुदान प्रदान करने का भी कार्य करता है। नवीन केंद्रीय विद्यालयों की स्थापना हेतु अपनी मंजूरी देना एवं मानदंडों का निर्माण करना, निरीक्षण करना आदि।

यह सह-पाठ्यक्रम सामग्री की योजना बनाने एवं केंद्रीय विद्यालयों के अध्यापकों एवं प्रधानाचार्यो की नियुक्ति एवं उनके स्थानांतरण में भी अपनी भूमिका निभाता हैं।

यह संगठन भारतीय शिक्षा प्रणाली को मजबूत करने के प्रयासों में से एक हैं। यह समस्त स्थानांतरित कर्मचारियों के बच्चों के भविष्य को सुरक्षित रखता हैं, साथ ही शिक्षा के अधिकार की पूर्ति करता हैं।

यह एक राष्ट्र एक पाठ्यक्रम की नीति के अनुरूप कार्य करता है। यह कक्षा 6 से 9 तक के छात्रों हेतु संस्कृत की अनिवार्यता पर बल देता हैं। जिससे छात्रों का सांस्कृतिक विकास किया जा सकें एवं भारतीय संस्कृति को सुरक्षित रखा जा सकें।

यह भारतीय शिक्षा प्रणाली को मजबूती एवं दिशा प्रदान करने वाली एक स्वायत्तशासी संस्था हैं। जो सभी को शिक्षा के समान अवसर प्रदान करने हेतु निरंतर कार्य करता हैं। यह कक्षा 8 तक सभी छात्रों को निशुल्क शिक्षा प्रदान करता है और साथ भी मेधावी एवं गरीब वर्ग के बच्चों हेतु छात्रवृति की भी व्यवस्था करता हैं।

           

        

National Energy Conservation day 14 December

National Energy Conservation day

With the growing population of the world, energy requirements are also increasing. But the speed at which energy requirement is increasing, the fear of destruction of all resources of energy has started increasing. Therefore, it is necessary that we pay special attention to energy conservation or develop other resources for its replacement because if we are not successful in our efforts during the time, then entire human civilization can be in danger.

National Energy Conservation Day is celebrated every year on 14th December in India. In India Energy Conservation Act was implemented by Energy Efficiency Bureau (BEE) in 2001. Energy Efficiency Bureau (BEE) is a constitutional body which works under Government of India and helps in the development of policies and strategies to reduce use of energy. The objective of Energy Conservation Act in India is to appoint professional, qualified and energetic managers and auditors who have expertise in policy-making, financial management and implementation of energy-related projects.

What is energy conservation?    

The true meaning of energy conservation is to avoid unnecessary use of energy and to use at least energy so that energy sources can be saved for future uses. To make energy conservation plan more effective, every person should include energy conservation in their behaviour.

What are the measures for energy conservation?

Image source: Naya India

•    Every person can save energy by eliminating unnecessary use of fan, light, heater or other electrical instruments used in their daily life. It is the easiest and effective way to save the extra energy usage which can be played a major role towards National Energy Conservation Campaign.

•    Fossil fuels, crude oil, coal and natural gas etc. are generating enough energy to use in daily life, but their demand is increasing day by day, which creating fear of lack of natural resources in the future. Therefore, for energy conservation, we should use renewable energy resources instead of the non-renewable resources of energy.

•    In many countries, government charges energy tax or carbon tax to make energy conservation effective. By this tax, imposed on high consumption of energy, use of energy has decreased and increased awareness among users about limited use of energy.

List of legislations on environment and ecology in India

•    People should be aware that more light bulbs on the workplace produces various problems like tension, headache, blood pressure, fatigue and decreases work efficiency of workers. However, in the natural light of day, level of work efficiency of workers increases and the energy consumption also decreases.

•    In 1977, Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) was set up by the Indian government to promote energy conservation in the daily life of people. This is a very big step taken by the Government of India towards energy conservation. Apart from this, in 2001, the Government of India had set up another government organization named Energy Efficiency Bureau (BEE) for better energy efficiency and protection.

•    Electric energy can be saved by preventing the wasteful expenditure of water by using a timer in the water tankers.

•    Energy can be saved by using LED bulbs in place of 100 watt bulb or CFL.

•    We should always use ISI marked electrical instruments.

•    Social arrangements like marriage and religious activities should be held in day time.

•    Use maximum sunlight during the day time and keep closed unnecessary fan, light, AC.

•    For street lights of residential complexes Photo Electric Control switch should be used.

•    After the construction of the buildings, we can protect buildings from being hit by covering the available part of the plot with trees / vines. As a result, those who live in the buildings will have to use fan, cooler, AC etc. at least.

•    Use light colours on the inner surface of the room walls. By doing so, room can be lit up appropriately through low-energy lighting devices.

•    Using a solar water heater instead of a geyser to heat water and solar cooker to cook food, we protect precious power energy and can become a partner in national interest. If you use geyser, then use it for a minimum period of time. For this, temperature setting of thermostat and timer should be taken care of.

How National Energy Conservation Day is celebrated?

 

Image source: IAS Paper

In India, many energy conservation competitions are organized by the government and other organizations to make national energy conservation campaign more effective and special. Various painting contests are organized at school, state, regional or national level on energy conservation day. Students participating in the competition and winning are honoured by the Ministry of Power in the National Energy Conservation Day program on December 14.

Objective of National Energy Conservation Day

•    National Energy Conservation Day is celebrated every year with a special theme to make some goals and objectives more effective among the people.

•    It is celebrated among people to send messages of importance of energy conservation in every area of life.

•    To promote the process of energy conservation, organizing many programs like: discussion, conferences, debates, workshops and competitions in the whole country.

•    Encourage people to use less energy rather than excessive and extravagant energy.

•    Encourage people to reduce energy consumption and use it’s efficiently.

Ultimately, it can be said that our scientists are engaged in discovering and developing new and alternative resources of energy. But it is our duty to understand the importance of energy and become aware of energy conservation. We should always try that we don't waste energy.

The River Festival

‘Ganga Utsav 2021 – The River Festival’ To Be Celebrated From 1st to 3rd Nov.

National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) celebrates Ganga Utsav every year to mark the anniversary of announcement of River Ganga as the ‘National River’ i.e. 4th November. This year’s Ganga Utsav is being organised from 1^stto 3^rdNovember, 2021. ‘Ganga Utsav 2021 – The River Festival’ will be celebrating not just River Ganga but all the rivers across the country.  Activities have been planned across 150 districts – 112 in the Ganga belt and the remaining along other major rivers. The celebrations this year will be part of the ongoing celebrations for 75 years of Independence and Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.

This year, the aim will be to take Ganga Utsav 2021 to the various river basins in India and promote the celebration of ‘Nadi Utsav’ (River Festival) which was highlighted by Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi on the occasion of the World River Day on 26th September 2021, in order to connect with the traditions which are associated with rivers for centuries in our country.

Inspired by the Prime Minister’s call for River Festival, this year’s event is being organised under the leadership of Union Minister for Jal Shakti, Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat. Dignitaries for the inaugural function will include Minister of Tourism and Culture Shri G. Kishan Reddy, Ministers of State for Jal Shakti, Shri Prahalad Singh Patel & Shri Bishweswar Tudu, Secretary, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Shri. Pankaj Kumar and many Olympic players.

The objective of the Utsav (festival) is to promote stakeholder engagement and ensure public participation under the aegis of the Ganga Knowledge Center. The Utsav highlights the significance of “Jan Bhagidari” in the revival of Ganga, with a focus on encouraging stakeholder engagement and public participation towards the rejuvenation of river Ganga.

Through Ganga Utsav, NMCG targets strengthening of the public – river connect. Since the last four years this event has acted as an important platform to establish connect with people from all walks of life.

The Utsav celebrates the mystical and cultural river Ganga through storytelling, folklore, dialogues with eminent personalities, quizzes, displaying traditional artforms, dance and music performances by renowned artists, photo galleries and exhibitions and much more. Celebrating the glory of the holy river Ganga, this year the Utsav will also appreciate living and practised cultural richness along river Ganga. Some prominent music and dance performers like Anuradha Paudwal, Prachee Shah Pandya, Rahul Sharma, RevatiSakalkar and Prahalad Tipaniya will be performing at the Utsav.

The message of river rejuvenation will be communicated through stories at Kahani Junction organised by Rituparna Gosh’s Your story bag. Himanshu Bajpai too will be performing Dastangoi. In Ganga Dialogue, well-known personalities like Ashok Chakradhar, Piyush Mishra, Divya Prakash Dubey and Rajeev Khandelwal from different fields will engage in interesting conversations.

Continuous Learning and Activity Portal (CLAP) will be launched at the Utsav. CLAP will be providing a forum for continuous year-round engagement through its portal at http://www.clap4ganga.com/(active from 1st November post formal launch). In partnership with TREE Craze Foundation, it is especially attractive to children and youth.

The Utsav also includes the launch of the promo of the movie ‘Ganga: River from the Skies’ which will be followed by a webinar, moderated by Shri. Mike Pandey, Environmentalist, Iconic Wildlife film maker and 3-time winner of the Green Oscars, joined by Shri. Rajiv Ranjan Mishra, Director General, NMCG, Prof. Vinod Tare, Founding Head, C- Ganga, IIT Kanpur and Shri. Srikrishna Mohan, and Shri Ramkumar Mohan, renowned Carnatic musicians and composers of the Ganga Anthem.

An expedition ‘Ganga Mashal’ led by the Ganga Task Force would be flagged off in a ceremony from Delhi and will travel the route including 23 stations along the river Ganga which will help sensitization of the local people and bodies like NYKS, Ganga Mitras, Ganga Praharis etc. The event will also comprise, launch of the Ganga Tarang Portal, curtain raiser on Ganga Knowledge Portal and many more.

At the state level, 75 events at 75 different locations, Ganga Deepotsava, Ganga Aartis along the Ghats, Ganga Exhibitions, participation in the Meri Ganga Meri Shaan Campaign – Ganga Mashaal being executed through Ganga Task Force, and other activities like painting competition, afforestation drive, organizing blood donation camps, quiz, Ganga runs, Ganga Dialogues, signature campaigns, and others. Additionally, activities such as cultural evenings, shramdaan activities, selfie points at prime locations in the cities and Yoga and Meditation on the Ganga Ghats will also be held.

Last year because of COVID protocols, the event was organised virtually and more than 3 lakh people from across the country participated in the event. This year too people can participate in the Ganga Utsav through https://gangautsav.in/ and the social media handles of Namami Gange.

MISS UNIVERSE (Harnaaz Sandhu)

 

#MISS UNIVERSE

 

21 साल बाद 

भारत की हरनाज़ संधू के सिर पर सजा 

मिस यूनिवर्स का ताज

21 साल बाद भारत की हरनाज़ संधू नई मिस यूनिवर्स हैं। संधू ने आज इजराइल के इलियट में आयोजित 70वें मिस यूनिवर्स 2021 में भारत का प्रतिनिधित्व किया। पंजाब के 21 वर्षीय हरनाज़ संधू ने पराग्वे की नादिया फरेरा और दक्षिण अफ्रीका की लालेला मसवाने को हराकर ताज अपने नाम किया।

2000 में लारा दत्ता के खिताब जीतने के 21 साल बाद भारत की हरनाज़ संधू नई मिस यूनिवर्स हैं। संधू ने आज इजराइल के इलियट में आयोजित 70वें मिस यूनिवर्स 2021 में भारत का प्रतिनिधित्व किया। पंजाब के 21 वर्षीय हरनाज़ संधू ने पराग्वे की नादिया फरेरा और दक्षिण अफ्रीका की लालेला मसवाने को हराकर ताज अपने नाम किया।

संधू को मेक्सिको की पूर्व मिस यूनिवर्स 2020 एंड्रिया मेजा द्वारा ताज पहनाया गया। चंडीगढ़ बेस्ड मॉडल हरनाज़ संधू से पहले मिस यूनिवर्स का खिताब सिर्फ दो भारतीय मॉडलों ने जीता है, पहला 1994 में एक्ट्रेस सुष्मिता सेन और दूसरा 2000 में लारा दत्ता ने जीता था।

यह पूछे जाने पर कि वह युवा महिलाओं को उनके द्वारा सामना किए जाने वाले दबावों से निपटने के लिए क्या सलाह देंगी, एक रचनाकार संधू ने कहा, "आज का युवा जिस सबसे बड़े दबाव का सामना कर रहा है, वह यह है कि आप खुद पर विश्वास करें, यह जानें कि आप अद्वितीय हैं और यही आपको सुंदर बनाता है। अपनी तुलना दूसरों से करना बंद करें और आइए दुनिया भर में हो रही अधिक महत्वपूर्ण चीजों के बारे में बात करें। संधू ने कहा यह वही है जो आपको समझने की जरूरत है। बाहर आओ, अपने लिए बोलो क्योंकि तुम अपने जीवन के नेता हो, तुम अपनी खुद की आवाज हो। मुझे खुद पर विश्वास था और इसलिए मैं आज यहां खड़ी हूं।

Armed Forces Flag Day 2021

Every year Indian Armed Forces Flag Day is celebrated on December 7 to honour soldiers, sailors and airmen, for serving and protecting our country. The day is also dedicated to the collection of funds from citizens of India for the welfare of the Armed Forces personnel. Armed Forces Flag Day was first observed in the year 1949, and since then, it is being celebrated on this day. 

The Indian Armed Forces Flag is similar to that of the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence, first utilised in 1956. The day is mainly observed to serve three basic purposes, namely Rehabilitation of battle casualties, the welfare of serving personnel and their families, and Resettlement and welfare of ex-servicemen and their families.

As the Indian Armed Forces Flag Day is here, we have brought you some wishes, quotes and messages that you can share with your family and friends. Also, you can use them on your WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram status. 

Armed Forces Flag Day 2021: Wishes

“Warm wishes on Armed Forces Flag Day. Let us make the smallest and the biggest of contributions we can make towards our armed forces on this day.”

“To have a country progress, to have peace and harmony in nation, we need one flag for the whole country. Happy Armed Forces Flag Day to all.”

“The occasion of Indian Armed Forces Flag Day reminds us all that we are so truly fortunate to have our Indian armed forces keeping us safe. Warm wishes on this day.

"Wishing a very Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day. This day must be celebrated with high spirits and great gratitude in our hearts.”

“For the battles they have fought for us, for the glory they have brought to the nation. Let us salute our armed forces on Armed Forces Flag Day.”

“Let us salute our Indian armed forces who have always been there to protect us from all the threats. Warm wishes on Indian Armed Forces Flag Day to everyone.”

“Let us celebrate the special occasion of Indian Armed Forces Flag Day by thanking the brave soldiers who are always guarding us. Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day.”

“For the battles they have fought for us, for the glory they have brought to the nation. Let us salute our armed forces on Armed Forces Flag Day.”

“Let us celebrate the occasion of Indian Armed Forces Flag Day by being thankful to our armed forces for everything. Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day.”

“They stay awake so that we can sleep. They live in discomfort so that we can live in comfort. Thanking our soldiers on the occasion of Indian Armed Forces Flag Day.”

Armed Forces Flag Day 2021: Quotes

We are safe because they are there…. Let us salute them all on Indian Armed Forces Flag Day.

“We have nothing to fear because we have Indian armed forces guarding us. Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day to all.”

Indian Armed Forces Flag Day is a reminder that we also have our duties to do towards our armed forces. Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day!

“The occasion of Indian Armed Forces Flag Day reminds us all that we must thank the Indian armed forces for sacrificing their lives and comforts for us.”

“They truly put their nation before anything else and that’s why they are so loved by all of us. Wishing a very Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day.”

The union of hearts, the union of hands, And the flag of our Union forever.

“We have always been safe when they are around. Thanking our armed forces on Indian Armed Forces Flag Day.”

There is the National Flag. He must be cold, indeed, who can look upon its folds rippling in the breeze without pride of the country.

The red and white and starry blue Is freedom’s shield and hope. Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day!

We are safe, happy, smiling because we have our armed forces taking charge of their duties. Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day!

Armed Forces Flag Day 2021: Messages

“Till the time we have our brave and strong Indian armed forces guarding us, we know we are in the best hands. Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day.”

We give our heads and our hearts to our country! One Country! One Language! One Flag! Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day!

I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic, for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day 2021!

Cheers to the sailors who fought and also Cheers who were brave for it, Tears who went down to grave for it, Here comes the flag! Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day!

“It is truly a blessing for India and for every Indian to have a strong armed force like you. Warm wishes on Indian Armed Forces Flag Day to you.”

In order to have harmony and peace, in order to have a happy life, we need armed forces to keep us safe…. Happy Indian Armed Forces Flag Day 2021!

“We must celebrate the occasion of Indian Armed Forces Flag Day by thanking the Indian armed forces for all the glory they have brought to our country.”

 

Indian Navy Day 2021

Indian Navy Day 2021: Indian Navy played a crucial role during the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 and started Operation Trident. To commemorate the attack and to accomplish the role of the Naval force every year, Navy Day is observed on December 4. Read here to know about Navy Day history, its significance, and how is it celebrated.

Indian Navy Day

Indian Navy Day 2021:  It is celebrated on December 4 to acknowledge the role and achievements of the Indian Navy. The day also commemorates the launch of Operation Trident against Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistan War in 1971 and also raises awareness about the Indian Navy among the general public.

The Indian Navy is a well balanced three-dimensional force, capable of operating above, on and under the surface of the oceans and safeguard our national interests. Its objective is also to improve its circumstances in the Indian Ocean Zone. The theme of Navy Day 2020 was "Indian Navy Combat Ready, Credible & Cohesive".

It is the marine branch of the Indian Armed Forces and the Commander-in-Chief of Indian Navy is President of India. Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosle, the Maratha emperor of the 17th century is considered as the “Father of the Indian Navy”. 

The role of the Indian Navy is to secure the marine edges of the country and update the worldwide relations of India through seaport visits, joint exercises, altruistic missions, upheaval help, etc. Its objective is also to improve the circumstance in the Indian Ocean Zone.

Therefore, Indian Navy Day is observed on 4 December to commemorate the courageous attack on the Karachi harbour during the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 by the Indian Naval Missile. This day recognizes the splendour, great achievements and role of the naval force to the nation. 

Operation Trident was executed in 1971 by the Indian Navy on 4th December night which led a devastating attack on the Pakistan Naval Headquarters in Karachi. Let us tell you that in this operation first-time anti-ship missile was used.

How is Indian Navy Day celebrated?

On 4th December in remembrance of the daredevil attack on the naval base of Pakistan, at Karachi. The Western Naval Command of the Indian Navy with headquarters in Mumbai celebrate this great occasion by bringing together their ships and sailors. 

The Eastern Naval Command at Visakhapatnam plans all the activities and events which are to be conducted on the Navy Day celebrations. It starts with a wreath-laying ceremony at the war memorial (at RK Beach) and is followed by the practical demonstration to show the energy and skills of the naval submarines, ships, aircraft, and other forces. 

Reason for Navy Day Celebration

In India, the Navy Day is celebrated to remember and recognize the courageous attack on the Karachi border during the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war on 4th December. During this day, the warships and aircraft of the Indian naval are accessible to the visitors. The Military Photo Exhibition is organized by the journalists of the Ernakulum in the naval festival.

Usually, the Naval Institute of Aeronautical Technology (NIAT) conducts a community service from 24th to 26th November at Good Hope Old Age Home, Fort Kochi. In this, the students take part to entertain the Naval Doctors. Navy Ball, Navy Queen and some other contests are also held in the navy fest.

About Indian Navy

The operational and administrative control of the Indian Navy is exercised by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) from the Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defence (Navy). The Navy has three Commands, each under the control of a Flag officer Commanding-in-Chief.

- The Western Naval Command (Headquarters at Mumbai)

- The Eastern Naval Command (Headquarters at Visakhapatnam)

- The Southern Naval Command (Headquarters at Kochi)

Indian Navy plays a significant role in securing the marine borders of the nation as well as accelerating the international relations of India through various means like seaport visits, joint ventures, patriotic missions, calamity relief, and many others. Modern-day Indian Navy has been transformed in order to improve the position of the navy to the Indian Ocean area. There are three divisions in the Indian Armed Forces: Indian Army, Navy and Air Force. Indian Army protects our land, Navy in water, and the Air Force protects us in the sky.

The Navy plans to celebrate 2021 as ‘Swarnim Vijay Varsh’ as a part of commemorating the 50th anniversary of the victory in the 1971 war. The Indian Navy was established by the East India Company in 1612. Later it was named as Royal India Navy and post-Independence, it was reconstituted as the Indian Navy in 1950.

Biographies of Indian Politicians

 

World AIDS Day 2021

HIV remains a major public health issue that affects millions of people worldwide.

Although the world has made significant progress in recent decades,  important global targets for 2020 were not met.

Division, disparity and disregard for human rights are among the failures that allowed HIV to become and remain a global health crisis. Now, COVID-19 is exacerbating inequities and disruptions to services,  making the lives of many people living with HIV more challenging.

The theme of World AIDS Day 2021 is “End inequalities. End AIDS”.  With a special focus on reaching people left behind, WHO and its partners are highlighting the growing inequalities in access to essential HIV services. 

On 1 December 2021, WHO is calling on global leaders and citizens to rally to confront the inequalities that drive AIDS and to reach people who are currently not receiving essential HIV services.

29 November 2021

World AIDS Day 2021 - WHO's Director-General’s message

Events

2021

 1 December 2021

World AIDS Day 2021

International days are occasions to educate people on the issue of concern. Worlds AIDS Day observed on December 1, is an International Day dedicated to raising awareness of the life-threatening disease. The spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) leads to Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which attacks the immune system of the patient and reduces its resistance to other diseases. On this day, government officials and individuals around the world educate people on AIDS prevention and control. The Theme of Worlds Aids Day 2021 is “End inequalities. End AIDS".

WORLD AIDS DAY: HISTORY

Worlds AIDS Day was designated by Public Information Officers, James Bunn and Thomas Netter in August 1988. The two officers then took the idea to the Director of the Global Programme on AIDS. After the concept was approved, it was agreed that AIDS Day will be observed on December 1, every year.

The theme of Worlds AIDS Day focused on children and young people in its first two years. Since the 1990s, researchers and medical practitioners have made improvements to take care of the people living with the disease.

Today, World AIDS Day has become one of the most recognized health days which serves as a key opportunity to raise awareness and celebrate victories like increased access to medication and treatment.

WORLD AIDS DAY: SIGNIFICANCE

UNAIDS lead campaigning for World AIDS Day since 2004.  Since 2004, World AIDS Campaign’s Global Steering Committee has been selecting a theme for International day, keeping in mind the civil society, non-profitable organizations and government agencies.

This year, as mentioned earlier, the UNAIDS is looking forward to ending inequalities that drive AIDS and other inequalities in the world. According to the UN, without any action against inequalities, the world risks missing the targets to end AIDS by 2030. Along with this, the UN also longs to fight the prolonged Covid-19 Pandemic, spiraling social and economic crisis

Constitution Day 2021

 

Constitution Day 2021

भारत संविधान दिवस 2021

संविधान दिवस: दुनिया के सबसे बड़े लोकतंत्र के 'धर्मग्रंथ' के बारे में कुछ खास बातें

Click to Read Preamble

हमारे देश के लोकतंत्र को संचालित करने वाली किताब का नाम है भारतीय संविधान। दुनिया के सबसे बड़े लोकतंत्र के धर्मग्रंथ यानी भारत के संविधान को आजादी के आंदोलन के दौरान जागृत हुई राजनीतिक चेतना का परिणाम कहा जाए तो गलत नहीं होगा। भारतीय संविधान में देश के सभी समुदायों और वर्गों के हितों को देखते हुए विस्तृत प्रावधानों का समावेश किया गया है। 

इसी का परिणाम है कि आजादी के 74 वर्षों के बाद भी भारतीय संविधान अक्षुण्ण, जीवंत और सतत क्रियाशील बना हुआ है। भारतीय संविधान को संविधान सभा ने 26 नवंबर 1949 को ग्रहण किया था और इसे 26 जनवरी 1950 को लागू किया गया था। 26 नवंबर को संविधान दिवस है और इस मौके पर हम आपको बताने जा रहे हैं हमारे संविधान से संबंधित कुछ खास बातें.. 

क्या होता है संविधान, क्या है अहमियत

सामान्य तौर पर, संविधान को नियमों और उपनियमों का एक ऐसा लिखित दस्तावेज कहा जाता है, जिसके आधार पर किसी देश की सरकार काम करती है। यह देश की राजनीतिक व्यवस्था का बुनियादी ढांचा निर्धारित करता है। हर देश का संविधान उस देश के आदर्शों, उद्देश्यों और मूल्यों का संचित प्रतिबिंब होता है। संविधान महज एक दस्तावेज नहीं है, बल्कि यह समय के साथ लगातार विकसित होता रहता है। 

दुनिया का सबसे लंबा लिखित संविधान

भारतीय संविधान दुनिया का सबसे लंबा लिखित संविधान है जो तत्त्वों और मूल भावना के नजरिए से अद्वितीय है। मूल रूप से भारतीय संविधान में कुल 395 अनुच्छेद (22 भागों में विभाजित) और आठ अनुसूचियां थीं, लेकिन विभिन्न संशोधनों के परिणामस्वरूप वर्तमान में इसमें कुल 448 अनुच्छेद (25 भागों में विभाजित) और 12 अनुसूचियां हैं। इसके साथ ही इसमें पांच परिशिष्ट भी जोड़े गए हैं, जो पहले नहीं थे। 

इस तरह तैयार हुआ संविधान का मसौदा

भारतीय संविधान का मसौदा तैयार करने वाली समिति की स्थापना 29 अगस्त 1947 को हुई थी। डॉ. भीमराव आंबेडकर को इस समिति का अध्यक्ष नियुक्त किया गया था। यही कारण है कि डॉ. आंबेडकर को संविधान का निर्माता भी कहा जाता है। भारत में संविधान के निर्माण का श्रेय मुख्यतः संविधान सभा को दिया जाता है। संविधान सभा के गठन का विचार सर्वप्रथम वर्ष 1934 में वामपंथी नेता एमएन रॉय ने दिया था।

1946 में ‘क्रिप्स मिशन’ की असफलता के बाद तीन सदस्यीय कैबिनेट मिशन भारत भेजा गया था। कैबिनेट मिशन की ओर से पारित एक प्रस्ताव के माध्यम से अंततः भारतीय संविधान के निर्माण के लिए एक बुनियादी ढांचे का प्रारूप स्वीकार किया गया, जिसे ‘संविधान सभा’ नाम दिया गया। इसके 284 सदस्यों ने 24 जनवरी 1950 को दस्तावेज पर हस्ताक्षर किए थे। इसे पारित करने में दो साल, 11 महीने और 18 दिन लगे थे। 

संविधान में दिए गए हैं छह मौलिक अधिकार

संविधान के तीसरे भाग में छह मौलिक अधिकारों का वर्णन किया गया है। वस्तुतः मौलिक अधिकार का मुख्य उद्देश्य राजनीतिक लोकतंत्र की भावना को प्रोत्साहन देना है। यह एक प्रकार से कार्यपालिका और विधायिका के मनमाने कानूनों पर निरोधक की तरह कार्य करता है। मौलिक अधिकारों के उल्लंघन की स्थिति में इन्हें न्यायालय के माध्यम से लागू किया जा सकता है। इसके अलावा भारतीय संविधान की धर्मनिरपेक्षता को भी इसकी प्रमुख विशेषता माना जाता है। धर्मनिरपेक्ष होने के कारण भारत में किसी एक धर्म को विशेष मान्यता नहीं दी गई है। 

भारतीय संविधान की प्रस्तावना

भारत के संविधान की प्रस्तावना को दुनिया में सर्वश्रेष्ठ माना जाता है। इसे अमेरिका के संविधान से प्रभावित माना जाता है। भारत के संविधान की प्रस्तावना यह कहती है कि संविधान की शक्ति सीधे तौर पर जनता में निहित है। भारत का संविधान देश का सर्वोच्च कानून है। यह सरकार के मौलिक राजनीतिक सिद्धांतों, प्रक्रियाओं, प्रथाओं, अधिकारों, शक्तियों और कर्त्तव्यों का निर्धारण करता है। 

1976 में जोड़ा गया धर्मनिरपेक्ष शब्द

उल्लेखनीय है कि वर्ष 1976 में 42वें संशोधन के माध्यम से संविधान की प्रस्तावना में ‘धर्मनिरपेक्ष’ शब्द जोड़ा गया था। संविधान से संबंधित एक महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रश्न संविधान की व्याख्या अथवा अर्थविवेचन से जुड़ा हुआ है। नियमों के अनुसार, सर्वोच्च न्यायालय संविधान का अंतिम व्याख्याकर्ता या अर्थविवेचनकर्ता है। सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ही संविधान में निहित प्रावधानों और उसमें उपयोग की गई शब्दावली के अर्थ और निहितार्थ के विषय में अंतिम कथन प्रस्तुत कर सकता है।

संवैधानिक व्याख्या और उसका महत्त्व

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संसद जिन कानूनों को पारित करतीहै उन्हें आसानी से लागू किया जा सकता है और उतनी ही आसानी से उन्हें निरस्त भी किया जा सकता है जबकि संविधान की प्रकृति कानून से काफी अलग होती है। संविधान का निर्माण भविष्य को ध्यान में रखकर किया जाता है और उसे निरस्त करना अपेक्षाकृत काफी कठिन होता है। इसीलिये मौजूदा परिस्थितियों के अनुसार, इसकी व्याख्या की जानी आवश्यक होती है।

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सामाजिक विनियमन की पहली परिकल्पना थॉमस हॉब्स द्वारा सामाजिक समझौते के सिद्धांत में की गई जिसको मनुष्य की प्राकृतिक अवस्था (जहां मनुष्य को दो ही अधिकार प्राप्त हैं, पहला- अपने जीवन की रक्षा का अधिकार और दूसरा- अपने जीवन की रक्षा के लिए कुछ भी करने का अधिकार) की परिस्थितियों से बेहतर सामाजिक प्रगति के क्रम में देखा गया। प्राकृतिक अवस्था की परिस्थितियों में समाज में व्यापक स्तर पर अव्यवस्था व्याप्त थी क्योंकि मनुष्य स्वयं की रक्षा के नाम पर किसी दूसरे के अधिकारों का क्षण भर में ही हनन कर देता था। प्राकृतिक अवस्था की स्थिति 'शक्ति ही सत्य है' पर आधारित थी। इसलिए इससे लोगों को हमेशा अपने प्राण, अधिकार और संपत्ति छिन जाने का संशय रहता था। अतः लोगों ने सामूहिक स्तर पर राजनीति और सामाज की बेहतर व समन्वित व्यवस्था के लिए सामाजिक समझौते के सिद्धांत पर सहमति व्यक्त की, जिसमें सभी लोगों द्वारा एक-दूसरे के अधिकारों के सम्मान की व्यवस्था स्थापित की गई।

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